/**
*
* simple-quadtree is a minimal quadtree implementation that supports simple put, get,
* remove and clear operations on objects having a x, y position and w, h dimension.
*
* Copyright (c) 2013 Antti Saarinen <antti.p.saarinen@gmail.com>
* https://github.com/asaarinen/qtree
*
*/
function QuadTree(x, y, w, h, options) {

    if( typeof x != 'number' || isNaN(x) )
        x = 0;
    if( typeof y != 'number' || isNaN(y) )
        y = 0;
    if( typeof w != 'number' || isNaN(w) )
        w = 10;
    if( typeof h != 'number' || isNaN(h) )
        h = 10;
    
    var maxc = 25;
    var leafratio = 0.5;
    if( options ) {
        if( typeof options.maxchildren == 'number' )
            if( options.maxchildren > 0 )
                maxc = options.maxchildren;
        if( typeof options.leafratio == 'number' )
            if( options.leafratio >= 0 )
                leafratio = options.leafratio;
    }

    // validate an input object
    function validate(obj) {
        if( !obj )
            return false;
        if( typeof obj.x != 'number' ||
            typeof obj.y != 'number' ||
            typeof obj.w != 'number' ||
            typeof obj.h != 'number' )
            return false;
        if( isNaN(obj.x) || isNaN(obj.y) ||
            isNaN(obj.w) || isNaN(obj.h) )
            return false;
        return true;
    }

    // test for deep equality for x,y,w,h
    function isequal(o1, o2) {
        if( o1.x == o2.x &&
            o1.y == o2.y &&
            o1.w == o2.w &&
            o1.h == o2.h )
            return true;
        return false;
    }

    // create a new quadtree node
    function createnode(x, y, w, h) {
        return {
            x: x,
            y: y,
            w: w,
            h: h,
            c: [],
            l: [],
            n: []
        }
    }

    // root node used by this quadtree
    var root = createnode(x, y, w, h);

    // calculate distance between two points
    function distance(x1, y1, x2, y2) {
        return Math.sqrt((x2-x1)*(x2-x1)+(y2-y1)*(y2-y1));
    }
    
    // calculate distance between a point and a line (segment)
    function distancePL(x, y, x1, y1, dx1, dy1, len1 ) {
        if( !len1 ) // in case length is not provided, assume a line 
            len1 = -1;
        
        // x = x1 + s * dx1 + t * dy1
        // y = y1 + s * dy1 - t * dx1
        // x * dy1 - y * dx1 = x1 * dy1 - y1 * dx1 + 
        //                     t * ( dy1 * dy1 + dx1 * dx1 )
        var t = dx1 * dx1 + dy1 * dy1;
        if( t == 0 )
            return null;
        else {
            t = ( x * dy1 - y * dx1 - x1 * dy1 + y1 * dx1 ) / t;
            if( Math.abs(dx1) > Math.abs(dy1) )
                var s = ( x - x1 - t * dy1 ) / dx1;
            else
                var s = ( y - y1 + t * dx1 ) / dy1;
            if( ( s >= 0 && s <= len1 ) || len1 < 0 )
                return {
                    s: s,
                    t: t,
                    x: x1 + s * dx1,
                    y: y1 + s * dy1,
                    dist: Math.abs(t)
                };
            else if( s < 0 ) { 
                var dist = distance(x, y, x1, y1);
                return {
                    s: s,
                    dist: dist
                };
            } else {
                var dist = distance(x, y,
                                    x1 + len1*dx1, 
                                    y1 + len1*dy1);
                return {
                    s: s,
                    dist: dist
                };
            }
        }
    }
    
    // does a line and a rectangle overlap ?
    function overlap_line(o1, o2, buf) {
        if( !o1 || !o2 )
            return true;
        var dist = distancePL(o2.x + 0.5 * o2.w,
                              o2.y + 0.5 * o2.h,
                              o1.x, o1.y, o1.dx, o1.dy, o1.dist);
        if( dist ) {
            dist.dist -= buf;
            if( dist.dist < 0 )
                return true;
            if( dist.dist * dist.dist <= o2.w * o2.w + o2.h * o2.h )
                return true;
        }
        return false;
    }

    // do two rectangles overlap ?
    function overlap_rect(o1, o2, buf) {
        if( !o1 || !o2 )
            return true;
        if( o1.x + o1.w < o2.x - buf ||
            o1.y + o1.h < o2.y - buf ||
            o1.x - buf > o2.x + o2.w ||
            o1.y - buf > o2.y + o2.h )
            return false;
        return true;
    }

    function isleaf(node, obj) {

        var leaf = false;
        if( obj.w * obj.h > node.w * node.h * leafratio )
            leaf = true;

        if( obj.x < node.x ||
            obj.y < node.y ||
            obj.x + obj.w > node.x + node.w ||
            obj.y + obj.h > node.y + node.h )
            leaf = true;

        var childnode = null;
        for( var ni = 0; ni < node.n.length; ni++ )
            if( overlap_rect(obj, node.n[ni], 0) ) {
                if( childnode ) { // multiple hits
                    leaf = true;
                    break;
                } else
                    childnode = node.n[ni];
            }
        
        return { leaf: leaf,
                 childnode: childnode };
    }

    // put an object to one of the child nodes of this node
    function put_to_nodes(node, obj) {
        var leaf = isleaf(node, obj);
        if( leaf )
            node.l.push(obj);
        else if( leaf.childnode )
            put(leaf.childnode, obj);
        else
            return;
    }

    // remove an object from this node
    function remove(node, obj, attr) {
        if( !validate(obj) )
            return 0;

        if( !attr )
            attr = false;
        else if( typeof attr != 'string' )
            attr = 'id';

        var count = 0;
        for( var ci = 0; ci < node.c.length; ci++ )
            if( ( attr && node.c[ci][attr] == obj[attr] ) ||
                ( !attr && isequal(node.c[ci], obj) ) ) {
                count++;
                node.c.splice(ci, 1);
                ci--;
            }

        for( var ci = 0; ci < node.l.length; ci++ )
            if( ( attr && node.l[ci][attr] == obj[attr] ) ||
                ( !attr && isequal(node.l[ci], obj) ) ) {
                count++;
                node.l.splice(ci, 1);
                ci--;
            }

        var leaf = isleaf(node, obj);
        if( !leaf.leaf && leaf.childnode )
            return count + remove(leaf.childnode, obj, attr);
        return count;
    }

    // put an object to this node
    function put(node, obj, removeflag) {

        if( !validate(obj) )
            return;

        if( node.n.length == 0 ) {
            node.c.push(obj);
            
            // subdivide
            if( node.c.length > maxc ) {
                var w2 = node.w / 2;
                var h2 = node.h / 2;
                node.n.push(createnode(node.x, node.y, w2, h2),
                            createnode(node.x + w2, node.y, w2, h2),
                            createnode(node.x, node.y + h2, w2, h2),
                            createnode(node.x + w2, node.y + h2, w2, h2));
                for( var ci = 0; ci < node.c.length; ci++ ) 
                    put_to_nodes(node, node.c[ci]);
                node.c = [];
            }
        } else 
            put_to_nodes(node, obj);
    }

    // iterate through all objects in this node matching given overlap
    // function
    function getter(overlapfun, node, obj, buf, strict, callbackOrArray) {
        for( var li = 0; li < node.l.length; li++ )
            if( !strict || overlapfun(obj, node.l[li], buf) )
                if( typeof callbackOrArray == 'object' )
                    callbackOrArray.push(node.l[li]);
                else if( !callbackOrArray(node.l[li]) )
                    return false;
        for( var li = 0; li < node.c.length; li++ )
            if( !strict || overlapfun(obj, node.c[li], buf) )
                if( typeof callbackOrArray == 'object' )
                    callbackOrArray.push(node.c[li]);
                else if( !callbackOrArray(node.c[li]) )
                    return false;
        for( var ni = 0; ni < node.n.length; ni++ ) {
            if( overlapfun(obj, node.n[ni], buf) ) {
                if( typeof callbackOrArray == 'object' )
                    callbackOrArray.concat(getter(overlapfun, node.n[ni], obj, buf, strict, callbackOrArray));
                else if( !getter(overlapfun, node.n[ni], obj, buf, strict, callbackOrArray) )
                    return false;
            }
        }
        return true;
    }

    // iterate through all objects in this node matching the given rectangle
    function get_rect(node, obj, buf, callbackOrArray) {
        return getter(overlap_rect, node, obj, buf, true, callbackOrArray);
    }

    // iterate through all objects in this node matching the given
    // line (segment)
    function get_line(node, obj, buf, callbackOrArray) {
        return getter(overlap_line, node, obj, buf, false, callbackOrArray);
    }

    // iterate through all objects in this node matching given
    // geometry, either a rectangle or a line segment
    function get(node, obj, buf, callbackOrArray) {

        if( typeof buf == 'function' && typeof callbackOrArray == 'undefined' ) {
            callbackOrArray = buf;
            buf = 0;
        }
        if( typeof callbackOrArray == 'undefined' ) {
            callbackOrArray = [];
            buf = 0;
        }
        if( obj == null )
            get_rect(node, obj, buf, callbackOrArray);
        else if( typeof obj.x == 'number' &&
                 typeof obj.y == 'number' &&
                 !isNaN(obj.x) && !isNaN(obj.y) ) {
            if( typeof obj.dx == 'number' &&
                typeof obj.dy == 'number' &&
                !isNaN(obj.dx) && !isNaN(obj.dy) )
                get_line(node, obj, buf, callbackOrArray);
            else if( typeof obj.w == 'number' &&
                     typeof obj.h == 'number' &&
                     !isNaN(obj.w) && !isNaN(obj.h) )
                get_rect(node, obj, buf, callbackOrArray);
        }
        if( typeof callbackOrArray == "object" ) return callbackOrArray;
    }

    // return the object interface
    return {
        get: function(obj, buf, callbackOrArray) {
            return get(root, obj, buf, callbackOrArray);
        },
        put: function(obj) {
            put(root, obj);
        },
        remove: function(obj, attr) {
            return remove(root, obj, attr);
        },
        clear: function() {
            root = createnode(x, y, w, h);
        },
        stringify: function() {
            var strobj = {
                x: x, y: y, w: w, h: h,
                maxc: maxc, 
                leafratio: leafratio,
                root: root
            };
            try {
                return JSON.stringify(strobj);
            } catch(err) {
                // could not stringify
                // probably due to objects included in qtree being non-stringifiable
                return null; 
            }
        },
        parse: function(str) {
            if( typeof str == 'string' )
                str = JSON.parse(str);
            
            x = str.x;
            y = str.y;
            w = str.w;
            h = str.h;
            maxc = str.maxc;
            leafratio = str.leafratio;
            root = str.root;
        }
    };
}

// for use within node.js
if( typeof module != 'undefined' )
    module.exports = QuadTree;